Laser Eye Surgery: Types, Benefits, Risks, and Cost

Laser eye surgery has transformed vision correction, providing a long-term solution for various eye conditions. Procedures like LASIK have gained immense popularity, but not everyone is a suitable candidate.

This article explores the different types of laser eye surgery, their benefits, risks, and essential factors to consider before scheduling a procedure.

When Is Laser Eye Surgery Necessary?

Laser therapy involves using concentrated light beams to reshape or remove tissue, making it a less invasive option compared to traditional surgery. It’s commonly used for:

• Vision correction – Treating refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

• Eye diseases – Managing conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and even some eye cancers.

Laser surgery not only improves vision but also reduces the risk of complications and shortens recovery time.

Types of Laser Eye Surgery

Laser eye surgery can be categorized into two main types: vision correction procedures and medical treatments for eye diseases.

1. Refractive Laser Eye Surgery (Vision Correction)

These procedures aim to correct vision problems by reshaping the cornea:

• LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) – The most common laser eye surgery, where a surgeon creates a corneal flap, reshapes the tissue underneath with a laser, and then repositions the flap.

• SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) – A minimally invasive procedure that reshapes the cornea through a tiny incision, offering faster recovery and reduced dryness.

• PRK, LASEK, and TransPRK (Surface Laser Treatments) – The outer layer of the cornea is removed before reshaping, allowing it to regenerate naturally over time.

2. Laser Surgery for Eye Diseases

Certain medical conditions also benefit from laser procedures:

• Cataract Surgery – A laser removes clouded lenses and replaces them with artificial ones.

• Glaucoma Treatment – Laser trabeculoplasty reduces intraocular pressure by improving fluid drainage.

• Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment – Laser photocoagulation prevents abnormal blood vessel growth and bleeding.

Is Laser Eye Surgery Permanent?

Laser vision correction is designed to be long-lasting, but it doesn’t stop natural eye changes over time. While most patients enjoy years of improved vision, some may require enhancements later in life due to aging-related vision shifts.

A study found that 94% of LASIK patients remained glasses-free even five years post-surgery, but around 10% needed a follow-up procedure.

Who Should Avoid Laser Eye Surgery?

Not everyone is a good candidate for laser eye surgery. It’s generally not recommended for individuals who:

• Have severe astigmatism

• Participate in high-contact sports

• Experience frequent vision prescription changes

• Have autoimmune diseases that slow healing

• Have diabetes with reduced corneal sensation

Medical Conditions That May Disqualify You

Certain eye conditions can make laser surgery unsafe, including:

• Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation)

• Large pupils (higher risk of night glare)

• Herpes simplex/zoster of the eye

• Angle-closure glaucoma

• Ocular hypertension

• Thin corneas

• Keratoconus (corneal thinning disorder)

• Chronic dry eyes

How Does Laser Eye Surgery Work?

Before the procedure, your surgeon will evaluate your eyes and provide pre-surgery instructions. On the day of the surgery:

1. Numbing eye drops are applied to prevent discomfort.

2. An eyelid holder with suction keeps your eye steady.

3. A laser creates a corneal flap or reshapes the cornea directly.

4. Your surgeon asks you to focus on a light while the laser corrects your vision.

5. The corneal flap is repositioned, completing the procedure.

Most surgeries take about 30 minutes per eye, and you can return home the same day.

Potential Risks and Complications

Although laser eye surgery is generally safe, it carries some risks, including:

• Temporary dryness and discomfort

• Red eyes and irritation

• Vision disturbances like glare or halos

• Light sensitivity

• Infections (rare but possible)

Severe vision loss is extremely rare, but it’s crucial to follow post-surgery care guidelines to minimize complications.

Recovery Process After Laser Eye Surgery

Your surgeon will provide a protective shield to prevent rubbing or accidental injury. Common post-surgery sensations include:

• Mild burning, itching, or discomfort

• Light sensitivity

• Watery or dry eyes

Post-Surgery Guidelines

• Avoid rubbing your eyes for at least a week.

• Rest your eyes for the remainder of the day.

• Use prescribed eye drops to aid healing.

• Avoid swimming, makeup, and strenuous activities for a few days.

• Follow up with your surgeon for post-op exams.

Most patients resume normal activities within 1 to 3 days.

How Much Does Laser Eye Surgery Cost?

Laser eye surgery costs vary based on:

• Procedure type (LASIK, SMILE, PRK, etc.)

• Surgeon’s expertise

• Clinic location

• Technology used

Average Cost Estimates